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Mollie (or Molly) Steimer ((ロシア語:Молли Штеймер); November 21, 1897 – July 23, 1980) was born as Marthe Alperine in Tsarist Russia. She immigrated to the United States with her family at the age of 15. She became an anarchist and activist who fought as a trade unionist, an anti-war activist and a free-speech campaigner. ==Activism== Standing just 4'9" (1.42 m), Steimer went to work in the garment factories of New York's Lower East Side. She soon became involved in trade union activities, and became interested in anarchism. She was influenced by works such as August Bebel's ''Women and Socialism'', Mikhail Bakunin's ''Statehood and Anarchy'', Peter Kropotkin's ''Memoirs of a Revolutionist'' and Emma Goldman's ''Anarchism and Other Essays''. She later became a friend of Emma Goldman's. Goldman described Steimer as a hardened anarchist militant and fanatic, completely devoted to armed struggle, but with "an iron will" and a "tender heart". In 1917, aged 19, Steimer helped form a clandestine collective called Der Shturm ("''The Storm''") with other Jewish anarchists. Several of the members, including Steimer, shared a six-room apartment at 5 East 104th Street in Harlem where they held meetings. After reconciling their internal conflicts they renamed themselves ''Frayhayt'' ("Freedom"). With the aid of a hand-operated printing press, they published a journal of the same name out of the 104th St. apartment. ''Frayhayt'' was distributed in secret, because it had been outlawed by the federal government for its opposition to the American war effort. The masthead read "The only just war is social revolution." The motto was a Henry David Thoreau quote: "That government is best which governs not at all" (in Yiddish: "Yene regirung iz di beste, velke regirt in gantsn nit"). Copies of the paper were tightly folded and stuffed into mailboxes around the city after dark. Between January 1918 and May 1918 the group published five issues with cartoons by Robert Minor and articles by Maria Goldsmith and Georg Brandes among others. Federal authorities were aware of the group and their publication but were unable to discover who the members were and track them down. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mollie Steimer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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